Description: This report describes the results of a survey on reflecting risk in pricing. The survey expands on one conducted in 2003 and was expanded to include life, health, P&C, and non-North American insurance companies.

Description: In this paper we use expectations of different random variables to define the notions of retrospective, prospective, individual, and aggregate net premiums for plans with contingent obligations.

Description: The attached report presents the results of a survey whose purpose was to explore life insurance company practices regarding the use of a mortality improvement assumption in the pricing of life insurance products. The survey distinguished between updating base mortality tables for historical mortality improvement versus projecting mortality improvement into the future.

Description: This paper presents ratemaking for nonparticipating life insurance including the relationship between gross premiums and profit margins, suitable assumptions, a technique for evaluating in force business and demonstrating results using the methods. The paper is followed by a discussion. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1959, Vol. 11, No. 30 AB.

Description: This paper estimates the acquisition and maintenance costs associated with life policies as a function of the amount of insurance and number of policies of an insurer by estimating a cost function for our sample of insurers.

Description: This paper considers in more detail the differences between provisions necessary for nonparticipating and those necessary for participating adjustable life policies and will provide a possible means of designing nonparticipating policies that can adjust directly to future changes in mortality and interest valuation bases. A discussion of the paper follows. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1979, Vol 31.

Description: This paper develops a method of developing and pricing life insurance based on game theory. The interests of the agent, company and insurance prospect are taken into account. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1968, Vol. 20, Pt. 1, No. 56 AB.

Description: The aim of this paper is to examine relationships, analogous to that of premiums and reserves, for the case of a general insurance with benefits payable in respect to several forms of decrement. Specifically, this paper presents a system of splitting the total premiums and reserves into components related to the different benefits, with formulas distinguished between dependent and independent relationships between premium and reserve components. Discussions of this paper are included.

Description: This is a discussion of the paper, 'Payment of Reserve in Addition to Face Amount' by Paul W. Nowlin and T. N. E. Greville, which discussed a method for determining the level premium for such coverage. This discussion applies risk theory to the insurance discussed in the paper.

Description: This paper discusses the special considerations involved in pricing a select and ultimate annual renewable term product. It covers such areas as expenses, conversion costs, and profit calculation, and devotes particular attention to the relationship between mortality and withdrawals on this type of product. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1980, Vol. 32.